This is all about the life, career and theory of Dr. Jean Watson.
"Maybe this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason we're here on Earth at this time"
- Jean Watson, Caring Moment
Background
Jean Watson, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN
Dr. Jean Watson was born Margaret Jean Harmon during the baby boomer generation in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940s. She graduated from the Lewis Gale School of Nursing in Roanoke, Virginia in1961. She ardently and quickly progressed through her nursing education earning her bachelor’s degree in nursing in 1964, a master of science in nursing in psychiatric and mental health nursing in 1966, and a Ph.D. in educational psychology and counseling in 1973, all from the University of Colorado at Boulder (McEwen& Wills, 2007).
LewisGale Hospital of Nursing located at Roanoke, Virginia
Dr. Watson married Douglas Watson after nursing school in 1961 and moved to her husband’s home state of Colorado where she had two daughters in 1963 and 1967. She ardently and quickly progressed through her nursing education at the University of Colorado earning her bachelor’s degree in nursing in 1964, a master of science in nursing in psychiatric and mental health nursing in 1966, and a Ph.D. in educational psychology and counseling in 1973. (McEwen & Wills, 2007). Dr. Watson is a distinguished professor of nursing and holds an endowed chair in caring science at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. She is founder of the original Center for Human Caring in Colorado and is a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. She served as dean of nursing at the University Health Sciences Center and is a past president of the National League for Nursing. She is the author/co-author of more than 14 books on caring and holds six honorary doctorates. Recently she founded Watson Caring Science Institute, a non-profit organization developed to help spread her nursing theory and ideas
Dr. Watson developed one of the newest nursing grand theories, her descriptive theory of caring in 1979 incorporating spiritual dimensions into nursing practice. She contributes two major life changes in a short time to influencing her more broadened and advanced theory of caring science in nursing published in 2005; the loss of her left eye in an accident in 1997 and the loss of her husband of thirty seven
years in 1998 (Kuuriku, 2010). Dr. Watson’s theory focuses on developing new knowledge in human behavior and human interaction and utilizing holistic approaches of nursing into healthcare practice.
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Jean was recently honored with the distinction of “Living Legend” by the American Academy of Nursing, the Academy’s highest recognition of honor.
Theory Description
Dr. Watson’s descriptive theory of caring was released in 1979 and is one of the newest grand theories in nursing today. Her theory emphasizes humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice. Caring science incorporates spiritual dimensions into nursing practice and interaction which promotes caring and love as cosmic forces that can provide energy affecting healing and human development. Her theory encompasses the nurse/patient interaction and how it can go beyond an objective assessment and develop an essential caring relationship, understanding the other person’s perspective and forming a mutual bond. Caring for patients promotes growth and a caring environment accepts a person as he or she is, and looks to what he or she may become.Watson defines three of the four metaparadigm concepts in nursing including person or human being, health, and nursing
(McEwen & Wills, 2007). They are defined as follows:
Human being: A person of value to be cared for, understood, nurtured and respected.
Health: Unity and harmony of mind, body and soul associated with congruence between perceived and experienced self.
Nursing: A science of persons and health-illness experience that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, and ethical care interactions. (Watson, 1988).
Watson does not define the fourth metaparadigm concept of environment but instead devised ten caring needs specific carative factors critical to the caring human experience that need to be addressed by nurses with their patients when in a
caring role. (McEwen & Wills, 2007).
Watson’s theory of caring describes ten carative factors that are the basis of the caring science theory: the formation of an altruistic system of values, installation of a sense of faith or hope, sensitivity to self and others, development of a helping-trust relationship, expression of feeling both positive and negative, creative, individualized problem solving, interpersonal
teaching and learning, provisions for a supportive and safe environment, assistance with human needs, and the allowance for existential-phenomenological forces (McEwen & Wills, 2007). The first three factors form the philosophical foundation for the science of caring, and the remaining seven come from that foundation. Dr. Watson drew parts of her theory from nursing writers like Florence Nightingale as well as from works of psychologists and philosophers. Her theory is one based on the human interactive process that recognizes the spiritual and ethical dimensions relevant to the human care process. Caring science investigations embrace inquiries that are reflective, subjective and interpretative as well as objective-empirical and caring science inquiry includes ontological, philosophical, ethical, historical inquiry and studies. In addition, caring science includes multiple epistemological approaches to inquiry including clinical and empirical, but is open to moving into new areas of inquiry that explore other ways of knowing, for example, aesthetic, poetic, narrative, personal, intuitive, kinesthetic, evolving consciousness, intentionality, metaphysical - spiritual, as well as moral-ethical knowing (McEwen & Wills, 2007).
(McEwen & Wills, 2007). They are defined as follows:
Human being: A person of value to be cared for, understood, nurtured and respected.
Health: Unity and harmony of mind, body and soul associated with congruence between perceived and experienced self.
Nursing: A science of persons and health-illness experience that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, and ethical care interactions. (Watson, 1988).
Watson does not define the fourth metaparadigm concept of environment but instead devised ten caring needs specific carative factors critical to the caring human experience that need to be addressed by nurses with their patients when in a
caring role. (McEwen & Wills, 2007).
Watson’s theory of caring describes ten carative factors that are the basis of the caring science theory: the formation of an altruistic system of values, installation of a sense of faith or hope, sensitivity to self and others, development of a helping-trust relationship, expression of feeling both positive and negative, creative, individualized problem solving, interpersonal
teaching and learning, provisions for a supportive and safe environment, assistance with human needs, and the allowance for existential-phenomenological forces (McEwen & Wills, 2007). The first three factors form the philosophical foundation for the science of caring, and the remaining seven come from that foundation. Dr. Watson drew parts of her theory from nursing writers like Florence Nightingale as well as from works of psychologists and philosophers. Her theory is one based on the human interactive process that recognizes the spiritual and ethical dimensions relevant to the human care process. Caring science investigations embrace inquiries that are reflective, subjective and interpretative as well as objective-empirical and caring science inquiry includes ontological, philosophical, ethical, historical inquiry and studies. In addition, caring science includes multiple epistemological approaches to inquiry including clinical and empirical, but is open to moving into new areas of inquiry that explore other ways of knowing, for example, aesthetic, poetic, narrative, personal, intuitive, kinesthetic, evolving consciousness, intentionality, metaphysical - spiritual, as well as moral-ethical knowing (McEwen & Wills, 2007).
ASSUMPTIONS
Jean Watson's theory of caring is based on seven main assumptions. These assumptions are the foundation for the theory of caring. These Assumptions are:
1. Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally. There must be personal contact for caring to occur.
2. Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs.
3. Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth. Caring can directly contribute to the overall welfare of the patient and the patient's family.
4. Caring responses accept person not only as he or she is now but as what he or she may become. The potential of a person is as important as the person in their current state of being.
5. A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the person to choose the best action for himself or herself at a given point in time. People feel more cared for when they are empowered to make their own choices about health care.
6. Caring is more “healthogenic” than is curing. A science of caring is complementary to the science of curing. caring and curing need to coexist for the individual to achieve their maximum health potential.
7. The practice of caring is central to nursing. Caring is at the center of nursing practice. Nurses must engage in caring in order to be effective at improving the health and wellness of their patients.
1. Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally. There must be personal contact for caring to occur.
2. Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs.
3. Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth. Caring can directly contribute to the overall welfare of the patient and the patient's family.
4. Caring responses accept person not only as he or she is now but as what he or she may become. The potential of a person is as important as the person in their current state of being.
5. A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the person to choose the best action for himself or herself at a given point in time. People feel more cared for when they are empowered to make their own choices about health care.
6. Caring is more “healthogenic” than is curing. A science of caring is complementary to the science of curing. caring and curing need to coexist for the individual to achieve their maximum health potential.
7. The practice of caring is central to nursing. Caring is at the center of nursing practice. Nurses must engage in caring in order to be effective at improving the health and wellness of their patients.
ANALYSIS
The theory of caring is logical in nature, relatively simple in content, generalizable and applicable to most any area of nursing. Watson's theory is based on phenomenological studies that ask questions rather than stating hypothoses and can be used in a variety of health care settings to guide and improve practice. Her theoretical work is supported by numerous humanists, philosophers, developmentalists and psychologists.
Watson's extensive background in philosophy and psychology played a key role in the development of her theory of caring. She drew parts of her theory from nursing writers like Nightingale and Rogers and utilized concepts from her extensive experience in psychology and philosophy (McEwen & Wills, 2007).
It is difficult to categorize Watson's theory into a single model because it contains aspects of both the Human Interaction Model and the Unitary Process Model. It follow closest with the Human Interaction Model because it stresses the importance of human interactions. This model is based on believing that humans are holistic beings that interact within the situation they find themselves and that there is constant interaction between humans and their environment. Watson's theory also encompasses some of the Unitary Process Model describing the human as an energy field and explaining health and illness as manifestations of the human pattern (McEwen & Wills, 2007).
Watson's extensive background in philosophy and psychology played a key role in the development of her theory of caring. She drew parts of her theory from nursing writers like Nightingale and Rogers and utilized concepts from her extensive experience in psychology and philosophy (McEwen & Wills, 2007).
It is difficult to categorize Watson's theory into a single model because it contains aspects of both the Human Interaction Model and the Unitary Process Model. It follow closest with the Human Interaction Model because it stresses the importance of human interactions. This model is based on believing that humans are holistic beings that interact within the situation they find themselves and that there is constant interaction between humans and their environment. Watson's theory also encompasses some of the Unitary Process Model describing the human as an energy field and explaining health and illness as manifestations of the human pattern (McEwen & Wills, 2007).
ESSAY
For me, pointed the theory of Dr. Watson to those who have need of help. Though rich, poor, black or white matter patients, helping us to be the person to achieve the healthy being of our patients. Nurses also have a responsibility to meet the various needs and interaction as a healthcare services.
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ELECTRONIC SOURCES
http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Watson.html
http://watsoncaringscience.org/about-us/jean-bio/
www.google.com
THANKS FOR THE FOLLOWING SOURCES......
TO GOD BE THE GLORY........:)
